Note: This tutorial assumes that you have completed the previous tutorials: 录制和回放数据. |
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从bag文件中读取消息
Description: 了解从bag文件中读取所需话题的消息的两种方法,以及ros_readbagfile脚本的使用。Keywords: data, rosbag, extract, play, info, bag, messages, readbagfile, ros_readbagfile
Tutorial Level: BEGINNER
Next Tutorial: 生成过滤后的bag文件
Contents
首先,您需要一个袋(bag)文件。可以按照上一教程自己生成,或从https://webviz.io下载一个示例文件:
wget https://open-source-webviz-ui.s3.amazonaws.com/demo.bag
接下来的教程将用上面的示例文件进行演示。有两种方法从bag文件中回放或提取消息。
请注意,下面所有的命令中,前面都有一个time,这样做可以同时输出执行每个命令花费的时间,而且有时这些命令需要很长时间,因此使用time命令了解给定命令所需的时间是有必要的。如果您不想使用它,可以放心删除下面任何命令中的time。
方法1:立即回放消息并在多个终端中查看输出
你需要知道你想从bag文件中读取的准确话题名。那让我们看看袋子里有什么。在任何终端中用这个命令,来手动检查所有已发布的话题,以及向每个话题发布了多少消息:
time rosbag info demo.bag # 或者你已经知道话题名称的话: time rosbag info mybag.bag | grep -E "(topic1|topic2|topic3)"
你会看到:$ time rosbag info demo.bag path: demo.bag version: 2.0 duration: 20.0s start: Mar 21 2017 19:37:58.00 (1490150278.00) end: Mar 21 2017 19:38:17.00 (1490150298.00) size: 696.2 MB messages: 5390 compression: none [600/600 chunks] types: bond/Status [eacc84bf5d65b6777d4c50f463dfb9c8] diagnostic_msgs/DiagnosticArray [60810da900de1dd6ddd437c3503511da] diagnostic_msgs/DiagnosticStatus [d0ce08bc6e5ba34c7754f563a9cabaf1] nav_msgs/Odometry [cd5e73d190d741a2f92e81eda573aca7] radar_driver/RadarTracks [6a2de2f790cb8bb0e149d45d297462f8] sensor_msgs/Image [060021388200f6f0f447d0fcd9c64743] sensor_msgs/NavSatFix [2d3a8cd499b9b4a0249fb98fd05cfa48] sensor_msgs/PointCloud2 [1158d486dd51d683ce2f1be655c3c181] sensor_msgs/Range [c005c34273dc426c67a020a87bc24148] sensor_msgs/TimeReference [fded64a0265108ba86c3d38fb11c0c16] tf2_msgs/TFMessage [94810edda583a504dfda3829e70d7eec] velodyne_msgs/VelodyneScan [50804fc9533a0e579e6322c04ae70566] topics: /diagnostics 140 msgs : diagnostic_msgs/DiagnosticArray /diagnostics_agg 40 msgs : diagnostic_msgs/DiagnosticArray /diagnostics_toplevel_state 40 msgs : diagnostic_msgs/DiagnosticStatus /gps/fix 146 msgs : sensor_msgs/NavSatFix /gps/rtkfix 200 msgs : nav_msgs/Odometry /gps/time 192 msgs : sensor_msgs/TimeReference /image_raw 600 msgs : sensor_msgs/Image /obs1/gps/fix 30 msgs : sensor_msgs/NavSatFix /obs1/gps/rtkfix 200 msgs : nav_msgs/Odometry /obs1/gps/time 136 msgs : sensor_msgs/TimeReference /radar/points 400 msgs : sensor_msgs/PointCloud2 /radar/range 400 msgs : sensor_msgs/Range /radar/tracks 400 msgs : radar_driver/RadarTracks /tf 1986 msgs : tf2_msgs/TFMessage /velodyne_nodelet_manager/bond 80 msgs : bond/Status /velodyne_packets 200 msgs : velodyne_msgs/VelodyneScan /velodyne_points 200 msgs : sensor_msgs/PointCloud2 real 0m1.003s user 0m0.620s sys 0m0.283s
可以看到,有30条消息发布在/obs1/gps/fix话题上,有40条消息发布在/diagnostics_agg话题上。让我们把这些提取出来。
- 在终端1(比如本终端)中,启动roscore,这样可以运行必需的ROS主节点:
roscore
打开另一个终端(试试按下Ctrl + Shift + T),订阅/obs1/gps/fix话题并复读该话题上发布的所有内容,同时用tee命令转储到一个yaml格式的文件中以便之后查看:
rostopic echo /obs1/gps/fix | tee topic1.yaml
你会看到:$ rostopic echo /obs1/gps/fix | tee topic1.yaml WARNING: topic [/obs1/gps/fix] does not appear to be published yet
再打开一个新终端,订阅另一个话题/diagnostics_agg。
rostopic echo /diagnostics_agg | tee topic2.yaml
你会看到:$ rostopic echo /diagnostics_agg | tee topic2.yaml WARNING: topic [/diagnostics_agg] does not appear to be published yet
- 对其他你感兴趣的话题重复这一步骤,每个话题必须有自己的终端。
再打开另一个新终端来回放bag文件。这一次我们将尽可能快地回放bag文件(使用--immediate选项),只会发布我们感兴趣的话题。格式如下:
time rosbag play --immediate demo.bag --topics /topic1 /topic2 /topic3 /topicN
本例中,命令如下:time rosbag play --immediate demo.bag --topics /obs1/gps/fix /diagnostics_agg
你会看到:$ time rosbag play --immediate demo.bag --topics /obs1/gps/fix /diagnostics_agg [ INFO] [1591916465.758724557]: Opening demo.bag Waiting 0.2 seconds after advertising topics... done. Hit space to toggle paused, or 's' to step. [RUNNING] Bag Time: 1490150297.770734 Duration: 19.703405 / 19.703405 Done. real 0m1.570s user 0m0.663s sys 0m0.394s
完成!现在看一下你的两个终端,每个终端都订阅了一个话题,每个话题类型的所有消息用YAML格式输出,每条消息之间用---分割。用你喜欢的文本编辑器(最好支持YAML的语法高亮,例如Visual Studio Code)来查看文件中的消息。例如,topic1.yaml中的最后两条消息是这样的:
--- header: seq: 4027 stamp: secs: 1490150296 nsecs: 66947432 frame_id: "gps" status: status: 0 service: 1 latitude: 37.4008017844 longitude: -122.108119889 altitude: -6.4380177824 position_covariance: [1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0] position_covariance_type: 0 --- header: seq: 4028 stamp: secs: 1490150297 nsecs: 744347249 frame_id: "gps" status: status: 0 service: 1 latitude: 37.4007565466 longitude: -122.108159482 altitude: -6.35130467023 position_covariance: [1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0] position_covariance_type: 0 ---
如果由于一些原因某个rostopic进程丢失了消息,可以使用Ctrl+C终止该进程,然后重新启动它,并再次调用rosbag play命令。
方法2:使用ros_readbagfile脚本轻松地提取感兴趣的话题
来源:这部分教程是根据本文件中首次发表的指引改编的,Python脚本来自:ros_readbag.py。
注意:您可以杀死任何正在运行的进程。比如说连roscore都不需要运行。
下载并安装`ros_readbag.py`:
# Download the file wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ElectricRCAircraftGuy/eRCaGuy_dotfiles/master/useful_scripts/ros_readbagfile.py # Make it executable chmod +x ros_readbagfile.py # Ensure you have the ~/bin directory for personal binaries mkdir -p ~/bin # Move this executable script into that directory as `ros_readbagfile`, so that it will # be available as that command mv ros_readbagfile.py ~/bin/ros_readbagfile # Re-source your ~/.bashrc file to ensure ~/bin is in your PATH, so you can use this # new `ros_readbagfile` command you just installed . ~/.bashrc
通过rosbag info命令确定要从bag文件中读取的准确话题名,如上面方法1的第一步所示。
然后使用ros_readbagfile,大体格式如下:
ros_readbagfile <mybagfile.bag> [topic1] [topic2] [topic3] [...]
要阅读上面方法1中显示的相同消息,请使用:time ros_readbagfile demo.bag /obs1/gps/fix /diagnostics_agg | tee topics.yaml
就是这样!你会看到它快速打印出所有70条信息。以下是终端输出的最后部分:key: "Early diagnostic update count:" value: "0" - key: "Zero seen diagnostic update count:" value: "0" ======================================= topic: /obs1/gps/fix msg #: 30 timestamp (sec): 1490150297.770734310 - - - header: seq: 4028 stamp: secs: 1490150297 nsecs: 744347249 frame_id: "gps" status: status: 0 service: 1 latitude: 37.4007565466 longitude: -122.108159482 altitude: -6.35130467023 position_covariance: [1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0] position_covariance_type: 0 ======================================= Total messages found = 70. DONE. real 0m2.897s user 0m2.457s sys 0m0.355s
现在用你喜欢的文本编辑器打开topics.yaml,看看它从bag文件中提取的所有消息。
请注意,尽管我给了这个文件一个“.yaml”扩展名,但并不代表所有部分都是正确的YAML格式。相反,尽管文件中存储的每条消息都是有效的YAML语法,但是消息之间的标题和行分隔符(例如=====)不是有效的。请记住这一点,避免试图将输出解析为YAML。如果你愿意,也可以很容易地修改ros_readbagfile这个Python脚本来删除这些非YAML特性。
为什么用ros_readbagfile而不是rostopic echo -b呢?
因为rostopic极其地慢! 举个例子,就算在高配计算机(4核8线程的奔腾i7和m.2固态硬盘)上运行这个命令,也需要11.5分钟才能读取一个18GB的bag文件!
time rostopic echo -b large_bag_file.bag /topic1
而用ros_readbagfile脚本,在相同计算机上只要花费1分钟37秒就能读取同样的话题和18GB的bag文件!因此ros_readbagfile比rostopic快了11.5/(1+37/60) = 大约7倍!
time ros_readbagfile large_bag_file.bag /topic1
因为rostopic一次只能读取单个话题,而ros_readbagfile可以同时读取任意多的话题!
ros_readbagfile <mybagfile.bag> [topic1] [topic2] [topic3] [...] [topic1000]
就酱。